Status of Rice Production in Kashmir Division of J&k State

By admin on August 3, 2010, 12:21 am

Introduction 1st Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most widely grown cereal crop in the world. It is a staple food of about 2 4 billion or more. In South Asia as brown rice provides 23% more energy per capita per capita and 16% protein. Its protein content is modest 7%, but it looks to minerals, vitamins and fiber. Table 1 Rice production statistics in the world Country 1994 / Performance HACT / HAC 1998 / Performance HACT / hac Differencet / hac year percentage increase in comparison China 5 9 6th 1 0th Two third 28 India 2 8 2nd 89 0th 01 0th 35 Indonesia 4th 3 4th 1 -0. 2 -4. 88 Vietnam 3 5 3rd 0th 9 4 10th 26 Japan 6th 8 6th 4 -0. 4 -6. 25 United States 6th 7 6th 3 -0. 4 -6. 35 Korea 6 A sixth 9 +0. 8 11th 59 2nd Pakistan 5 second 8 +0. 3 10th 71 Egypt 7th 9 – - - Iran 4th 4 – - - Peru 5 8 – - - Table 2 The production of rice in the Indian states 1994 1998 Difference West Bengal first 9 second 2 +0. 3 Haryana second 5 second 8 +0. 3 3rd Punjab 7 3rd 5 -0. 2 Tamil Nadu 2nd 3 third 0 +0. 7 Andhra Pradesh second 6 second 9 +0. 3 Jammu & Kashmir Kashmir-2. 5 second 8 +0. 3 Jammu 1st 6 first 9 +0. 3 Jammu and Kashmir has implemented the unique distinction of agricultural reforms. Some first 82 lakh hectares of land were distributed. Of this total, approximately 0th 94 lakh hectares have been distributed for free among the peasants. Although absentee landlords was abolished. Over time the neo-land owners have emerged that are not comparable with absentee landlords and land owners exploited Sun very “Jagir”. The reform was to double the target, which reach to the farmer his place in the social system, and also ensure a more efficient use of public funds. The main objective to achieve self-sufficiency in terms of rice production, but put a jump of some simple lakh tones to 0. 86 million tonnes. However, the big breakthrough has been hampered due to various causes. An analysis of the causes of the problem to us in the past could be summarized in Fig. 1st Problems Rice production in the State of Jammu and Kashmir is essentially an activity of monoculture. The area is about 40% in Jammu and Kashmir 60% Division Division. The availability of irrigation is about 91% compared to 99% in Haryana and Punjab. The Haryana and Punjab irrigation to ensure the serious climate change is how most of it comes from groundwater. Our potential for irrigation of rice in Kashmir is snow bound. Most will be through the channel system, which projects in dry and flooding in heavy rain and snow. In spite of climate change over the years, the rice production growth, which may vary depending on weather condition are recorded. Our production of food grains, 22 59 lakh tonnes by the end of the 9th Plan recorded a jump of more productivity plan quantitum 8 13 56 lakh tones. A similar downward trend is up significantly in terms of chemical fertilizers increased from 43 400 to 72 400 tonnes during the same period. Common factors such as improved; 1st improved seeds, including the production of hybrid seed at a time, certification and marketing of agricultural needs critical evaluation. 2nd With the recommendations of the production of the farmers have an effective mechanism for technology transfer with the widespread use of electronic and print media as well as training modules for employment agriculture extension agents. 3rd The irrigation system must be so dependent replaced by an irrigation potential of permanent or semi-insured, especially in belt Khandi. 4th Timely provision of inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, animal waste and enrichment of humus (or the use of organic fertilizers) and / or other important nutrients such as potassium, zinc sulfate, etc. on the soil test reports. Needs and solutions Causes of low productivity: analysis of scenarios is shown in Fig. 1 a) non-availability of quality seed paddy Total area under rice cultivation Kashmir Division 1 61 acres Distribution of land in hac High Altitude – 0 3 acre lake a small amount – 1 3 acre lake Seed must Certified seed: seed rate 60 kg / hac i. e. 60 x 1 60 = 96 kg CDT Lake To replace 10% / year = 9 6 kg See. 9600 quintals 10 000 quintals say Therefore, we need certified seed in the report; Top of upland rice varieties in 2200 dz Low altitude 7800 quintals of rice Total 10000 quintals Certified seed above, we need some basic seed Heights belt land 50 quintals Lower altitudes 100 150 quintals channel – SKUAST produce can Breeder seed requirements Varieties with high level first 5q-Land Varieties of small sums 4th 5q 10 kansls – SKUAT can produce Need of 10,000 quintals of certified seed Lot 2000 – 3000 channel Dis 5000 channel 10 of 500 villages in six districts of seed channel – can be used to produce it under the joint supervision SKUAST-K & Department officials or Let postgraduate unemployed graduates between 12 and seed production under the supervision of the village and scientific personnel SKUAST seed certification authority service. (Mr. G. Wani) Extension Director Paper II: Objectives and achievements Aims and objectives: a) the availability of food per person per day depending on the ICMR recommendation is 420 grams food in J & K in 301 g / day / person. Therefore, we have about 1/3rd lack of foodgrains in the state. However, the shortage of higher considering the report of Dr. MS Swaminathan (2003), that is consumption of foodgrains in J & K higher than recommended, said the ICMR standards. In the rice in the rural areas amounted to 489 gm-Kashmir (per person per day in urban areas it rises to 428 g per day per person). For example, rice consumption per head higher than the ICMR recommended standards. b) Projected population of 40 million dollars with rice as a staple food in an area of 1 60 hectares of the lake to rice, we need a yield of about 5 t / ha Statement Assuming that the genetically modified rice 500 per person per day, we would need two hundred pounds of rice per person per year. i. e of 40 Lac, we need 80 or 8 tones Quintel Lake lake. A 1 60 acres of lake rice should attend to some 5t/hac production, our requirements. With the present productivity of 2 5t / h in the division of Kashmir, the goal is difficult but could be achieved. But with increasing population over the years, we can find the “self-sufficiency a dream” The productivity of rice in the amount of 5t/hac in both upper and lower bands. This need these varieties in farmer fields developed replaced with higher-yielding varieties of SKUAST. to replace a more modest approach, the rice seed 10% per year can under the current infrastructure and availability of land will be carried out. need to feed, the question of sustainability of rice production, the growing population annually with a further increase in the list of seed replacement of 20-30%, which require careful planning and organization. Self-sufficiency in rice production target in the future Objective: Production of rice 5t/hac Facts 1st Under farmers’ field that we have a yield of 3-5 t / HAC achieved with improved seed. Details of the fieldwork and Templates to see from the farmers – a second table The improved package of practices of SKUAST developed and used by the farmers themselves when has resulted in a total return of Rs 84 000 / 54 000 Rs hac cons / hac from the normal practice of farmers. So, feasible under current conditions a net profit of Rs 63 500 / hac was the production of rice, rice, indicating that the second production a profitable enterprise – Table 2 2nd During Kharif 2002 and 2003, three varieties SKUAST 6t/hac power in the fields. These trails were conducted jointly by agricultural experts and MINIKIT SKUAST Ministry in six districts of the valley. They were observed and discussed in the meetings of the Area Extension Research Advisory Committee held in the years 2002 and 2003. The diversity of information shows as / hac are shown in Table 2. 3 down field rice belt Table 2 4 for rice height. A review of the two tables shows that at higher rice belt (altitude) SKUAST varieties showed a potential of 4 5 q / HAC and in the area of rice low, low belt, a higher potential 6t/hac was reached. The two combined are sufficient to present our performance in relation to an average return on 5t/hac required. So the goal is achievable and doable. 3rd Under the conditions of scientific breeding SKUAST Rice Research Station, Khudwani, a yield of 8 reaches 8 t / hac second table was 5, otherwise too much on the floor with the recommendation of the use of the production of a yield of 6 8 t / HAC is specified in Table 2. 6 Under Village outreach programs related to practices of farmers are guided to third 3 t / hac and if one or two measures, as has, for example, instead of the wooden plow to plow a yield of Shalimar 5th was reached 4 tons / hac. Thus, according to the current state of technology is already demonstrated to the farmers by the Agriculture Department, a potential benefit was shown necessary 5-6 t / HAC. Now it is the mechanism for effective extension to the Department of Agriculture to expand the awareness of the technology. can be seen for detailed forecasts policy, document III. 4th The diffusion of hybrid seed The technology of hybrid rice production in China has 9th 9 t / hac rice. This, combined with growth duration of 123 days and milling recovery rate of 68. 7% do not promise, our productivity continues to rise in 1970 is through the use of hybrid seed technology, but these Chinese hybrid technology to webbed with some problems. a. Use new seeds every year: That’s a load of seeds of technological intervention that can be used under the present state of our body more mistakes than success on the field scale. However, pilot studies in the field and farm management research, we can continue to use as future long-term strategy. b. is 20 kg of seed per hectare, compared to 60 kg per hectare, but the seeds harvested from previous hybrid plants can not be used. Until our farmers are fully trained and know the technology. Its use should be limited to Govt, university or progressive companies only farmers. C. The advantage of hybrid seed at a rate of less seed is hidden in its potential for hybrid vigor. These seeds have a rapid root growth and greater development potential of the leaf surface. So, more number of spikelets per unit area, increase the productivity. Detailed requirements for the cultivation of hybrid rice is currently on the capacity of our farmers. A detailed description of the hybrid seeds in China can be seen in a Web page and is repeated here for reference (Annex 1) Performance Program participatory seed production in two districts of the Kashmir valley made during Khairf, 2004 (rice harvest) Name of the Variety Village class farmers of seeds sown area (ha) Qty. Size and seeds, q / q or channel / 0 05 ha) Nazir Ahmad Dars a Paddy / O. Habib Ullah Dar Chatterhama Jehlum breeders seed 0th 2 4th 50 2 Mohd. Maqbool Wani-do-do-do-do —- 4th 75 3 GH. Dars Nabi / O. —- Ab Rehman Dar-do-do-do-do 4 75 4 AB. Dars Rashid From O /. Gaffar Dar-do-do-do-do —- 3rd 87 5 Dars Mohd Rafiq From O /. Gaffar Dar-do-do-do-do —- 3rd 50 6 Parveez Ahmad Mir Gh O /. Mohd. I-do-Seed Foundation Chenab-3. 00 7 Mohd. Mir Ashraf From O /. Razak Mir-do-do-do-do —- 3rd 60 8 AB. Bhats Ahad / O Mohd Ismail Bhat Telbal Jehlum-do-do – 3 00 Ahmad Bhat muda 9 do-do-do-do-3 —-. 60 10 GH. Nabi Bhat / O Ali Mohd Bhat-do-Seed Foundation Chenab-4. 00 11 GH. Nabi Wani-do-do-do-do —- 3rd 60 12 AB. Rehman bhats / O Abdul Aziz Bhat Khudwani Juhlum Foundation Seed-4. 00 13ab. Bhats Rehman / o Mohd. Sidiq Bhat-do-do-do-do —- 4th 00 Bashir Ahmad Bhat 14 / O Ms Shaban Bhat-do-do-do-do —- 4th 00 15 S O Gh Mohd Shaban Mattoo /. Rasool Mattoo-do-do-do-do —- 4th 00 16 GH. Mohd. Gh Dars O /. Rasool Bhat-do-do-do-do —- 4th 0 Shabir Ahmad Bhat Gh 17 O /. Rasool Bhat Shalimar Chenab seed breeders-do-3. 50 18 Ah. Ahad bhats / O Riyaz Ahmad Bhat Shalimar Coach Chenab 0th Two third 00 19 Bashir Ahmad Gh Jones O /. Nabi Lone-do-do-do-do —- 3rd 60 20 Md. Maqbool Mir / W GH Mir Rasool-do-do-do-do —- 3rd 0 Production costs and returns ha-1 Unit Cost / Experiment Station was approved with the package farmers practice practice Total direct costs of production per hectare (up to the packaging) R. 20 500 / – A. 14 500 / - R The total yield per hectare. 84 000 / – A. 59 000 / - Net income Rs 63,500 / – A. 44 500 / - Average performance results during the Minikit Paddy Valley (six districts during Kharif 2002 and Kharif 2003rd Belts A. Low S. No Name performance increase varieties Kharif2002 hacKharif / 2003% average rank Box (Jehlum) 1st SKAU-105 63rd 63 62nd 35 62nd 99 1 10th 51% of Jehlum and 17% to Chinab (compared SKAU-23) 2nd SKAU-337 63rd 73 56th 71 60th 22nd February at 5% and 13 6%. 3rd SKAU-27 (Jehlum) 57 84 56th 23 57th 00 3 4th SKAU-23 (Chinab) —— 53rd 21 53rd 21st April Average performance results Minikit Paddy Valley (six districts during Kharif 2002 and Kharof 2003). B. Belt Top S. No. Name of the variety performance / HAC. 2002 Kharif Kharif 2003 Average increase over 332% Rank & Khosara (check entries) 1st K-312 43rd 33 42nd July 1942. I. 70 3 entries K312 & K475 e have been under the control inputs 2nd K-475 45th 59 41st 62 43rd 2nd June 3rd K-332, 42nd April 1942. 71 42nd 35 4 4th K-429 (Kohsar) 50 17 42nd 81 46th 1st May Average performance SKAU-105 in the District Performance Studies at the Rice Research Station and regional Anantnag Khudwani conducted from 1989 to 2003. Vty SN. 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 1st SKAU-105 68th 52 67th June 1970. 18 60th 20 62nd 50 70th 60 67th 75 72nd 20 75th 70 79th 20 84th 20 88th 60 2nd SKAU 5Check-52. 1996 55th 40 53rd 48.57 2000 52nd 50 63rd May 1951. 94 – - – - - 3rd Check Jehlum – - – - – - – 63 54 66th 1990 69th 53 70th 78 74th 50 Seed, which is different KVK for the multiplication of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics S. No. Name of the class of the KVK seed varieties Anz. delivered (kg) 1st KVK, Malangpora (Pulwama) C15 maize FS 12 Jehlum Paddy SF 30 2nd KVK, Pombay (Anantnag) Paddy K332 SB 160 Kohsaar SB 1992 Corn C15 FS 50 Shalimar KGMaize BS-1 - Shalimar KG Corn SB-2 - French Bean French Bean Shalimar BS -1 - Cowpea Cowpea Shalimar-1 BS 5 Shalimar Moong-1 moong BS 5 3rd KVK, Srinagar corn C15 FS 15 4th KVK, Kupwara Jehlum Paddy FS 80 Minikit results of the varieties A. Lower bands higher Kohsar Jehlum / K 332 S. No. No districts yield (t / ha) yield n (t / ha) 1st Srinagar 6 5 9 2 6th 8 2nd Budgam 4 6 2 3 4th 2 3rd Anantnag 6 4 6 2 (332 K) 3 9 4th Pulwama 6 6 8:00 2:00 4th 0 5th Baramulla 6 5 8:00 2:00 4th 0 6th Kupwara 5 5 3 1 6th 2 B. Experimental Power _____ 6-6. ——— 5 4 2-4. 7 critical gaps (B-A) ——- 0th 7 -1. 2 Nil C. State average regardless of varieties of second A critical gap in March-April t / ha-1 D. average agricultural production is second 5-do- E. The average yield in the plot of the farmers through various tests by SKUAST-K for the third program IVLP 3 (farmersPractice) 5 4 (with technological InterVations) Policy Paper No Future III A. Transfer of technology in agro-ecosystems perspective 1st To increase the growing demand of grain to the people to focus on the production should be provided to ensure sustainability and optimum utilization of resources for small. Benefits of agro-ecosystem analysis in the form of resource inventory, identification of crops, cropping patterns and areas of potential problems and analysis of the causes of low productivity, etc. must be taken account. 2nd Production by small production mainly for home consumption. Training need to be modified to achieve greater productivity in mixed farming systems. The diversification of products by introducing a variety of alternative crops and diversification of income for small farmers especially rural youth and dropouts by providing training on income-generating agricultural activities such as the establishment of backyard poultry, wormiculture, honey, mushroom production, goatry, milk etc. 3rd In the case of the production green revolution (Progressive farmers) the transfer of technology would be prepared to maximize the productivity of individual crops. Training activities should be strengthened by the incorporation of various promising technologies. For example, in the case of rice, breaking the introduction of hybrid rice technology for the production of performance barriers. Activity training on techniques for hybrid rice production can become a part of the curriculum. Likewise, the events are also taken simultaneously to demonstrate the potential yield of crops and new technologies and components. Multi-events should be further strengthened. Extension activities such as field days would add the movies also, further strength in that direction. 1st The emphasis of commercial production systems are the identification of plants and products, the demand on the international market as a medicinal aroma rice export value, etc., training programs and demonstrations, the technologies to include production of various crops with an export value taking into account the quality and reduce the impact of pesticide residues. More attention should be on environmentally friendly technologies such as integrated pest empty IPM, integrated management of nutrients are given through the application of vermicompost and organic farming. The group connects farmers with progressive-export company is well known set up to export the process more transparent. 2nd Farmers are using technologies that are safe and suitable, shall be equipped for the increased production of these elements, global market. This requirement is to protect the global GATT essentially particular to human health from pesticide residues or other minimum. 3rd The experience of the KVK, Medak Andhra Pradesh proposes that women in rural areas have an important role in the conservation of biological diversity of the different plans with a value in terms of food, high productivity, resistance to various biotic and abiotic play outside the usability for treatment of various diseases of plants, animals and humans. The efforts have been made in the form of lobbying for the identification of varieties, species and plants. The education of women workforce is still the weak link in our system of rice production. KVK can prepare farmers for the conservation of biodiversity. This should ensure appropriate links with leading institutions. The main goal is to create a totally new concept of “gene banks in rural areas through the use of indigenous wisdom and good young scientists. 4th Education and Training Rural women are the most important people in Indian agriculture. Study conducted and the data in this regard suggests that, despite their important role in food production, value added, the conservation of biodiversity and the environment, etc., they remained as invisible farmers. The invisibility of women as farmers is due to the fact that women are concentrated in manufacturing, but they have to play no role in the work. We need to focus on effective use of small tools and implements to reduce drudgery of women, to facilitate training on income generating activities to a greater role in decision making and economic independence of women in rural areas. Efforts should be made to their untapped potential for the conservation of genetic material used by the creation of gene banks in rural areas and linking them with national benchmarks for training and consulting. 5th Information Technology Revolution in information technology and India’s contribution in this regard has been taken at the edge of the planet. It is proposed to use this powerful tool to bring revolutions in technology transfer processes of J & K. A beginning must be made. The main agenda here is to develop an innovative concept, “e-Farmer, E and E-KVK-extension for rapid and efficient communication and transfer of technology. 6th The investments in the past in the field of agricultural research, education and advice now has a great capacity for “standing” for India in terms of availability of human power and the scientific infrastructure created. The globalization of agriculture and progress in the field of Information Technology has set a new agenda for the production, development and dissemination of technologies in agriculture and related fields. Therefore it is urgent to improve the current expansion in general and the realignment of the process of technology transfer, especially 7th The following areas need to be informed of technology in broader movement for the transfer · Generation of rural income · Environmental Conservation · Conservation of biological diversity • The sustainability of natural resources · Diversification · Improved status of women and other disadvantaged groups · Operations economically viable technologies and the improvement of export opportunities 8th Reform elements of the model in Annex-I SKUAST broad base Agric. Extension of the model in Annex II and other documents are enclosed.

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